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"Off to Kassel" ...


... is not it? It should say rather: "Off to Helmarshausen". Well, no one knows this horse town lost somewhere between Kassel, Göttingen and Paderborn, does not need to worry. From 13
to 22 July 2008, at the youth hostel in Helmarshausen (near Bad Karlshafen) the very first seminar of the support "Friends of Waldorf Education" - about which I will leave - in preparation for the developmental voluntary service "weltwärts" instead.

With nearly 80 participants are about 10 "teams" we met on topics such as: development cooperation, conflicts and crises, and their management, health care, self-reflection, cultural and organizational issues (Visa, donations, flights, travel costs , Between seminars, etc. ..). There were also many workshops, travel stories and slide shows as well as the possibility films from different countries look to (for example, " Tsotsi " or " Cry Freedom " -> a really good movie about the South African freedom fighter Steve Biko ). In addition, there was an important part of the seminar from the LRG's (country regional groups), we find anything that was discussed in plenary in the morning, have further deepened and learned new things about our country (reviews, tips, etc. ..) Our reports that we had developed, which have LRG's also enriched with expertise (see blog from 10.06. ).
But on the Arts came, too: There were offers of "improvisational theater, canoeing and archery. In the evening we were mostly finished first at 23:00 clock with our LRG-rounds and then let us have certainly play until late after midnight to celebrate!
The seminar was very interesting and funny. I have met many new people (sometimes the one I'll also be at the intermediate seminar in South Africa, Hermanus meet again) and have learned a lot and a lot more thought (see below -> please read).

The seminar has increased my enthusiasm and I would like to start flying tomorrow. But there are still a few days up and I am also very happy because I still need to be some private things.

Oh yes, my visa has come, it is valid until 14/08/2009, but I want it in South Africa have extended for a month so I still have some time to travel - but by then it is still a Awhile back and it will show what will come.

your Freddie

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thoughts:

The inequality of the earth is an issue, also no one wants to hear. I, too, sometimes it's so! "What's in it because if I do not eat my plate empty? ... like the people in Africa are not tired! "That's right! But it's not that simple unfortunately.
The actions of every individual - every day - helps people to die - Day after day. Our consciousness is not enough to Africa, Latin America or Asia, it is with us in our daily lives at work and private life. But that's good, because this egoism is a protection for ourselves: If we think only of the millions of people living below the poverty line or even in complete poverty, not even clean drinking water, let alone enough food or have a roof over their heads, then we could equally result from severe depression commit suicide. But the meaning is not the case.
"Yes those at the top who are doing this so I can do anything, that's the system!" No! "The above" only do what we do down here. And all we want is satisfaction and happiness ... I want to believe that every person in the world, only: In our oh-so-civilized world is the definition of happiness and satisfaction usually accompanied by social status and recognition, and that means for us: career and money, much money - at least more than others have. No one is happy and satisfied if he is the poorest of the whole city or of the whole village - I do not!
If we hear from the Chinese Minanarbeitern working under human dignity, we often think of as "Small" about them. This is not a bad, But the reason that there is a large mass so the so far is that we only learn of it or super rare pictures. Therefore we do not know and appreciate them, but we should appreciate them as we our brother, our mother or son.
this, "those at the top" to do something different, we need only request it. "Fair Trade" is much more important than "organic", the environment or even "biofuel" because these are topics of the rich, which we only facilitate the conscience.
Organic foods are often grown in developing countries to inhuman payment and then shipped to Germany (eg soybeans destroyed ... but in addition thousands of square kilometers of Amazon jungle). Environmental protection is important - No question, but we should not worry too much about "130 km / h on German motorways" and "greenhouse gases" while so many people die at the same time. And on the subject of biofuels: The is mainly made from corn, wheat, soy or rice. The result is an enormous increase in basic food, so many that no longer can afford. The World Food Programme of the UN (which is unfortunately only a drop in the ocean) can no longer afford the corn and rice. People die, so we driving!
donations for projects in so-called "third world" countries are important, but not the final solution: Free fair trade tariffs and competitive opportunities in the free market economy are more important to the overall standard of living to increase in developing countries and to promote not only individual projects. Fair Trade contributes to fairer trade and economy and is not "silly" as some may think it. But to have to change his behavior and: give up the Western world must have its standard of living in many areas! Those who are not prepared, is partly responsible for the misery of many people!
We are in need of control, why we prefer to give donations in projects where we know where the money arrives - even if there are only individuals who benefit, but it soothe the guilty conscience. Fair trade is hardly a trust. Through our current (consumption) behavior, we set up the "system" then to suppress the poor countries further. Those who do not realizes is blinded.

It needs a new definition of happiness and satisfaction!
Nobody should now plunk down everything and be a hermit, living on water and rootlets. That would be stupid. With our skills and ways you can do so much more than if you move into the township and pegged together. A subtle change does hurt us the least and it would be a career opportunity and social recognition than money for happiness and Satisfaction maintain ... only on a lower level.
Our consciousness must expand!
This change has already begun, but he may not come to a standstill. The longer it takes, the more people can not win. Everyone must be concerned, every man and woman, companies and governments, market economy and the church and the entire "developed world" - especially myself

I do not know for how much misery I am responsible, but I have the possibility to change this. Everyone has this later, I would like to develop cooperation to operate and so I am going for a year Africa. And I am also aware that I (quite apart from my everyday life) alone this year in South Africa so much of what I have said, had acted contrary. Hopefully it
pays off - not just for me!

This post is very provocative and idealistic, and I want to accuse anyone or blame personally. It is food for thought for a fairer world and indicates that we are not elite, who may not feel concerned, but that we are part of the world's population and only we have the opportunity to allow each planet's inhabitants, the human-being!

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"A former classmate wrote me from Africa, if you feel unhappy in Africa, you feel you are still ten times happier than if you are happy in Munich feel."

Frank Wedekind, "The Marquis of Keith ", 2nd Elevator, Hermann Kasimir

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apartheid in South Africa


On Sunday (July 13, 2008) is for 10 days after Bad Karlshafen (near Kassel) to our preparation seminar.
First, we had a report on a regional studies Present topic. I chose the topic of "apartheid in South Africa".

In this blog post I will now publish this report.

We also had a summary of the report in the local language (in my case English) to write, but I will not do that to you here!
Both reports you can but for me to receive, as a PDF file if you are interested because (-> see contact). Read

So, have fun:

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THE APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA



apartheid is to Afrikaans separated "," individually "or" very . It is the term for the racial segregation that has taken place in South Africa from 1948 to 1990-94.
originally lived in the region south of the Zambezi, the tribal people of the San . In the 17th and 18 Century penetrated Bantu-speaking groups from the North a majority in the settlement area, and displaced the San.
mid-15 Century established the first European settlements on the coast sailors. Over 200 years later at the Cape of Good Hope established a supply station, the merchant ships supplied with food. This led to today's city of Cape Town (Cape Town ).
The Dutch, mostly farmers (from the 18th century they were known for their profession as Buren), settled in large numbers in the area and farmed and traded with the locals. In exploration they found coming from the north Xhosa .
followed wars with the Xhosa in which the Boers were victorious. Later also attacked the British a warlike and presented their own demands.

British apartheid

At the start of the 20th Century began an ethnic separation in the wake of the newly formed Union of South Africa . These formed a government, the South African from the four Provinces Natal, Cape Colony , Orange Free State and Transvaal was formed. Black, Coloured and Asians but did not get a vote. Sexual contact between the races was prohibited under penalty. This "segregation policy " was supported by the whites with a variety of laws.
In many other laws (Acts ) was tightened this policy. It was forbidden to non-whites to live outside of demarcated reserves. The so-called homelands included but only about 7% of South African territory, where almost the entire population of South Africa was not white.

Boer apartheid

During the Second World War took part in South Africa alongside the British in military conflicts. But the (Boer) nationalists, like the majority of the voting population were against a military intervention in the affairs and openly sympathized with the German Nazi regime. So it happened in 1948, a transfer of power, of the Afrikaner Party (National Party ) helped to power. They ruled until 1989. The Dutch-born
Boers were influenced by Calvinism, which John Calvin's doctrine of predestination "( the doctrine of the predetermined fate of the human ) Advanced. From this tradition, the segregation was justified.
Through the power of the Boers was aggravated racial segregation in South Africa significantly. Although before 1948 were excluded from the mostly black politics and economics, so there were some who were still living outside the reserves, their farms there cultivated or offering for sale goods and trade.
These "holes" were closed by the new government piece by piece.
It follows an ethnic division of the South African population into four groups: White, Black , Colored (mixed blood) and Asians . The criteria were very flimsy and did a lot of room for arbitrariness. From then determined the racial order, the entire life. In public places, a strict separation of whites and non-whites were required. Mixed marriages were forbidden.
The Group Areas Act of 13 June 1950 was enshrined the separation of residential areas. In urban areas, separate living areas (townships ) for the various breeds have been created, the training also depends on the appropriate race. Black had a pass out of their reserves with them. So in urban areas should be tolerated only those blacks who worked there also.
The apartheid was created.
nevertheless was the standard of living, educational opportunities through schools and universities as well as medical care and thus the life expectancy of blacks is higher than in all other African countries, which is why South Africa was confronted during the apartheid with illegal immigration from the northern coastal states.

The small and the large apartheid

were distinguished during apartheid, two essential aspects of racial politics: The
small apartheid was the daily discrimination and isolation of non-whites that was apartheid large spatial separation in the large Scale, the actual segregation or homeland politics. The small
apartheid was seen in the racial segregation in the public sector: There were separate toilets, separate compartments in public transport, various inputs in public buildings for whites and non-whites, etc. Some tested the limits of the acceptance of whites. Most however, were afraid to leave their safe area. Thus they lived quietly and were not driven out or reviewed by the police.
The great apartheid was far more ideological than the small ones. The legally prescribed membership of a racial category (in identity documents by letter codes, for example - C - registered for Coloureds,) had many disadvantages for the population, according to their skin color:
The residential areas of the white population were consistently in the geographically and structurally the most pleasant districts of each town. Have the designated area for the whites too tight, had to admit the colored parts of their neighborhoods and build new in newly designated areas. A famous example of the evacuation of the District Six in the heart of Cape Town and the forced resettlement of about 60,000 people in the 20 km distant sandy Khayelitsha was [where I'm going to live the way the year!].
banished so far outside in the secluded residential areas, often behind natural or artificial hills and dumps, the black population was not considered part of the community.
the different school systems and content, each graded qualifications of teachers and facilities, were partly responsible for unequal career opportunities. Even today, estimated more than two-thirds of the residents of Khayelitsha are unemployed. To implement
the pillars of apartheid to a huge bureaucracy was necessary. Approximately four million blacks were arrested for lack of residence permits, which called itself an enormous administrative burden. Furthermore, million blacks had to be resettled. Overall, some 3.5 million blacks had to give up their existing homes. This was not without protests, which led to numerous arrests. The government destroyed entire settlements, so as to force the blacks to resettle.

resistance of the black

Shortly after the formation of the South African Union of the African National Congress (ANC) was founded. This organization was basically open to all, regardless of skin color, and accepted both Christianity and the English language. The ANC saw itself as a black opposition party, which demanded full civil rights. For a long time he was peacefully through boycotts and strikes against the state policy.
Over time, the ANC was increasingly becoming one of a mass organization. It has been demonstrated, for example, against the poor working conditions of miners or against the pass laws, but also against the homeland policy and the electoral law. But not all joined the ANC, many non-whites saw segregation a chance to calm the racial hatred of whites and live the way back to their tradition.
Above all, because of disputes within the many tribes in South Africa there have been repeated wars, which cost the ANC's unity and credibility. The government tried to Human rights activists of the ANC again and again to frustrate its work.
Since some members of the ANC, the most peaceful actions do not go far enough, they founded a militant resistance organization, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Unlike the ANC was the attitude of this pure black-organization clearly against the apartheid regime and against the white population. But the ANC even established an armed wing. Nelson Mandela led this wing with the name Umkonto we Sizwe, which translated means "Spear of the Nation" means. Umkonto we Sizwe committed in the following years, in particular acts of sabotage.
followed many demonstrations and riots, which were bloodily suppressed by the government. In the course of which was banned the ANC and the PAC. Both organizations had now operate in the underground. Leading resistance fighters, including Nelson Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964.
from 1960 took the self-confidence of black people too much. They were no longer tries to copy the culture of the whites but lifted out of their own values. Influenced by the Black Power movement in the United States originated in South Africa, the Black Consciousness Movement , founded by the celebrated resistance fighter Steve Biko. The consequences of the new self-confidence were partly violent student unrest, the equality demanded. On 16
June 1976 boycotted school in the Johannesburg township of Soweto teaching. This was in connection with the forced introduction of the hated among blacks Afrikaans language . lost by brutal police operations in a few days, nearly a thousand black lives and many children and young people were detained. World famous is the photo of the dying 12-year old Hector Pieterson in the arms of a fellow student. Thereafter, the armed resistance was increased sharply and the resulting riots destabilized the entire country.
But there were also supporters of the South African government. For example, the USA used 21 times in the Security Council to veto resolutions against South Africa. Companies such as IBM have helped with logistical and technological resources to the regime. Furthermore, Israel has carried out during the arms embargo, weapons trade with the regime. The importance of South Africa for the United States was among others in the uranium deposits in the country.
Even German companies currently are accused of having participated in the apartheid in South Africa. In October 2007 procedures, inter alia, the German bank, Dresdner Bank, Commerzbank, DaimlerChrysler, and Rheinmetall been opened.
have also Swiss banks and industrial companies repeatedly and massively ignored the UN sanctions and prolonged the existence of the apartheid regime. The wide
Consensus, however, was directed from abroad against the apartheid regime.
Thus, as from world-wide boycott call against South African fruit and protested against the large German commercial banks with South Africa. Iran banned its citizens even to South Africa to enter and Paul Simon did with his 1986 album "Graceland " many people to the attention of apartheid. Thus, the apartheid was still more enemies.

The end of apartheid

The protests of blacks and other factors made the apartheid from 1974 to crumble more and more. In various UN general assembly has been started to stop and take action against apartheid. Thus, the apartheid a "crime against humanity "classified. With this convention, a" criminal liability under international law to be justified.
The Boer government approached only very slowly to the idea of blacks. Although the most famous leaders were in prison, was the opposition more and more. Many brutal rebellions the government had to deal with emergency procedures, which, however, blasted the state capacity. The costs of apartheid were no longer viable.
was during the Cold War, the white apartheid regime (in spite of some sanctions) for the U.S. and Western Europe as a bulwark against Communism, also because South Africa has significant uranium reserves. After Mozambique and Angola received its independence and the scene of bloody wars have been released, support for South Africa even more important. After the Cold War the United States and Western Europe lost interest in the land and dropped the old regime.
As the increasingly improved organization of non-white opposition, which took over in fact in the 80 years the management of the township, led to the permanent state of emergency began, at first secret negotiations with the leaders of the ANC in exile.
1989 took Frederik Willem de Klerk succeeds Pieter Willem Botha as South African president. De Klerk was at once negotiations with the still always imprisoned ANC leader Mandela. He placed the immediate release of Mandela in view on the condition that he renounce the armed resistance. Mandela was not into it.
De Klerk found himself now so much pressure that he released Mandela, together with the other political prisoners in 1990 had. The two opposition parties, ANC and PAC were re-legalized.
Because this is so important factors of resistance of black people, international pressure, the economic crisis (fall in the gold price), the change of governance of Botha to de Klerk and the steadfastness of Mandela in the negotiations with de Klerk broke the white authority in the early 90s, step by step together. In a referendum in March 1992 from 68.7 percent of whites said the abolition of racial segregation.
The transition from apartheid to legal equality lasted from 1990 to 1994. During this time, the remaining laws of segregation were eliminated. All residents of South Africa, people could move freely without any restrictions. Many blacks took advantage of this opportunity and moved to cities, which caused a flooding of the townships. Today, living in Khayelitsha Township, that was scheduled to start for 40,000 people, nearly 2.5 million people.
Some tribal leaders were, however, during the Transition period their power threatened. In the ensuing riots and tribal clashes killed thousands of people.
1994 it came to the first general elections in South Africa. The ANC won 62.6 percent of outstanding and Mandela became the first president appointed the new system. He is supported by two popular Vice-President de Klerk of the National Party (NP) and Thabo Mbeki were from the ANC.
The previous riots had plunged South Africa into an economic crisis, which brought a large national debt with it. The final elimination of inequality between the races and building a better school system, and improved basic services for blacks caused horrendous Costs. Also there were many disputes between blacks who have been displaced from their land in the homelands and the whites who had purchased this land at that time lawfully by the former government - similar to the abolition of intra-German border.
1999 Mbeki elected president. He tightened his tenure, the privatization of state enterprises. This led to job cuts and more expensive electricity and water rates. More and more black people, who suffer particularly under these measures are increasingly dissatisfied with the policies of the ANC. They accuse him that the ANC had been elected from the left while working class, but in the interests of right " bourgeoisie 'reign.
In this context, perhaps the recent unrest in South Africa against immigrants from Zimbabwe and other neighboring countries to see: The poverty within the black population has become so great that people are afraid to lose from the increase are new immigrants, their existence .
Half of the South African black population lives below the poverty line, a quarter even in complete poverty!
Mandela and de Klerk received for her efforts against apartheid in 1993 the Nobel Peace Prize.
In line with the South African regime today a systematic racial discrimination, referred in particular by a government apparatus, as apartheid. In Orania
there is still a small community of Boers, who see themselves as the new nucleus of a South African Boer state and openly stand for the restoration of apartheid.

Daily Project Report Format

stopover

Before now definitely going to Africa, I have to insert another "landing" in Überlingen.
The last time was marked by many departures but also planning for the future. So I was from "my class" to the school in Oberlin Volmarstein, where I completed my civil service, very loving adopted. I found it really hard all the dear children and nice colleagues - especially of course my child care - to say "goodbye" - never to see again (at least for most).
did in the days after, I packed my apartment together and all set ready for transport before I went to my FSJ-final seminar for a week to Munich. There, all participants in the FSJ year of the ASB-Hagen are still sometimes come together to end the year and to relax a bit. The daily design was quite diverse (Deutsches Museum, English Garden, Dachau concentration camp, etc.) and the evening program is very sociable (the local brew Augustiner-Bräu München).




Yesterday (05:06:08) I am drawn to Überlingen back and fortunately had all this love help from some friends. Now all things heal arrived here and I can make a check mark.

your love Hagen (and non-Hagen, thank you for your companionship, help, friendship and for all was, you have given me. I will not forget and hope to see you again soon!

Unfortunately, I made even the Consulate General in Munich (responsible for Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg) Worry, since - unlike the embassy in Berlin - no guarantee and accepts no ordinary German medical certificate. On Tuesday (after I was at the doctor again) I will try again ... and hope that the visa on time to my departure date 06th August 2008 is ready! After all, it only
is exactly one month before.

PS: It is really wonderful: I have now almost all donations together. So many people have donated money for me and I am very grateful about it. Without this help from (you) would have many friends, acquaintances and relatives this for me never been possible! 1000 Thanks to all!

Now Soon comes the introductory seminar in Kassel (13:07:08 to 22:07:08), where I also prepare a presentation on a regional studies about you but this soon ...
remains ... it, because it is exciting! :-)

sincerely, your Freddie